🔄 Type Coercion in JavaScript

Answer: When the + operator is used with a string, JavaScript coerces the number to a string and performs concatenation. Result: "55"

Answer: Operations evaluate left-to-right. First: (1+2)=3, then 3+"3"="33". Second: "1"+2="12", then "12"+3="123"

Answer: Template literals automatically convert expressions to strings.

Answer: Empty string forces everything to be concatenated as strings. Result: "123true"

Answer: Subtraction only works with numbers, so "10" is coerced to 10. Result: 5

Answer: Both strings are converted to numbers. Results: 10 and 5

Answer: Unary + converts its operand to a number. Results: 42, 1, 0

Answer: Modulo operator converts strings to numbers. Result: 1

Answer: In numeric context, true = 1 and false = 0. Results: 2, 1, 0

Answer: !! converts any value to its boolean equivalent. Results: true, false, false

Answer: && returns the first falsy value or the last value if all are truthy. Results: "hello", 0

Answer: || returns the first truthy value or the last value if all are falsy. Results: "default", "value"

Answer: == performs type coercion (true), === checks type and value without coercion (false)

Answer: null and undefined are loosely equal but not strictly equal. Results: true, false

Answer: With ==, booleans coerce to numbers (true=1, false=0). Results: true, true, false

Answer: NaN is not equal to itself! Use Object.is() or isNaN() to check. Results: false, false, true

Answer: Arrays convert to strings via toString(). [1,2] becomes "1,2". Results: "1,23,4", "12", 0

Answer: Both convert to strings. [] becomes "", {} becomes "[object Object]"

Answer: Unary minus converts to number. "5" - (-"2") = "5" - (-2) = 5 - (-2) = 7. Second: 10 - (-(-5)) = 10 - 5 = 5

Answer: ![] is false→0, [] becomes ""→0, so 0==0. "" coerces to 0. "0" and false both become 0. All true!